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A MidWestern transgender woman trying to survive in the real life.

The Impact of Older Men on Teenage Pregnancy

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On December 13, 2024

In feminism

Teenage pregnancy, particularly when it involves older men, reveals deep gender and racial inequalities that entrench cycles of disadvantage for young girls. Research has shown that between 20% and 36% of teenage pregnancies result from relationships with men several years older (Boden, Fergusson, & Horwood, 2010; Manlove, Papillo, & Ikramullah, 2004). These pregnancies reflect power imbalances, where young girls—particularly those from ethnic minority backgrounds—are coerced or manipulated into sexual relationships. The overturn of Roe v. Wade and the growing restrictions on abortion access exacerbate this issue, leaving these vulnerable populations, especially ethnic minority girls, at even greater risk. Moreover, the lack of strong policies addressing older men who impregnate preteen girls further highlights the need for comprehensive reform.

Older Men and Teenage Pregnancy: Power and Coercion

The involvement of older men in teenage pregnancies must be understood within the context of gendered and racialized power dynamics. Relationships between older men and young girls are often characterized by significant age gaps and coercive power dynamics. These young girls, especially those from marginalized communities, are particularly vulnerable to such relationships due to factors such as limited emotional and financial support, socioeconomic instability, and cultural pressures that restrict their autonomy.

Research by Manlove et al. (2004) found that approximately 25% of teenage pregnancies stemmed from relationships with men at least five years older than the girl. This issue is more pronounced in ethnic minority communities, where young girls face additional barriers, such as systemic racism, limited access to education, and inadequate healthcare. These power imbalances make it harder for young girls to resist exploitation or make informed decisions about their reproductive health, especially when manipulated by older men.

The Overturn of Roe v. Wade and the Impact on Minority Girls

The Supreme Court’s 2022 decision to overturn Roe v. Wade and return the regulation of abortion to individual states has had profound consequences, especially for young women from marginalized communities. Many states now have restrictive or outright bans on abortion, leaving young girls—particularly those who become pregnant as a result of coercion or relationships with older men—without options. These legal restrictions disproportionately affect ethnic minority girls, who already face substantial barriers to healthcare access.

For these girls, abortion access is further complicated by geographic and financial barriers, as well as parental consent or notification requirements. In states with strict abortion laws, the lack of safe and legal abortion services means that pregnant minors may be forced to carry a pregnancy to term, even if they are ill-prepared emotionally, financially, or socially. This further reinforces cycles of disadvantage, denying these young women the ability to make informed decisions about their futures and exacerbating systemic inequalities (Guttmacher Institute, 2022).

Weak Policies Around Older Men and Preteen Pregnancy

A significant aspect of the problem is the weak policies surrounding older men who impregnate underage girls, particularly preteen girls. Although many states have laws that criminalize sex with minors, these laws are often poorly enforced, and older men who engage in sexual relationships with young girls may face lenient penalties or no consequences at all. This failure to adequately address these situations leaves young girls vulnerable to further exploitation.

For example, many sexual abuse laws fail to adequately consider the unique vulnerabilities of girls in ethnic minority communities, where cultural, social, and economic pressures may prevent them from seeking help or reporting abuse. Even when older men are held accountable, the penalties may be insufficient to deter harmful behaviors or protect young girls from future exploitation (Lammers, Stoker, Jordan, Pollmann, & Fischer, 2011).

Education for Men: Preventing Exploitation Before It Happens

In addressing this issue, it is crucial to focus on preventative measures that can stop exploitation before it occurs. A vital part of this prevention is education. Boys and young men need to be educated early on about the legal and moral consequences of impregnating underage girls. This education should go beyond basic sex education and emphasize the importance of consent, healthy relationships, and the severe consequences of engaging in relationships with minors.

Boys need to understand that exploitation is not only harmful but also punishable by law. By educating young men about these issues, we can foster a culture where sexual exploitation of minors is less likely to occur. Such education can promote respect for boundaries and healthy relationship dynamics, ultimately helping to prevent predatory behavior (Haines & Joffe, 2013).

The Sexualization of Women and Girls in American Culture

The sexualization of women, and especially girls, is embedded in American culture due to the patriarchal structure of society. Media, advertising, and pop culture often portray women and girls as sexual objects, reinforcing the idea that their value is tied to their sexual appeal and appearance. These normalized portrayals of sexual objectification contribute to a societal environment where older men may feel entitled to manipulate or exploit young girls, especially when they view them as available or desirable.

Studies have shown that the sexualization of young girls in the media contributes to the normalization of harmful behaviors toward them. The American Psychological Association (APA, 2007) found that the portrayal of sexualized images of girls in the media negatively impacts their body image, self-esteem, and mental health. Such portrayals create an environment in which young girls are seen as commodities, making it easier for older men to justify their actions of exploitation.

Reproductive Justice and the Need for Stronger Policy

From a feminist perspective, the current state of reproductive rights and protections for young girls is deeply inadequate. Reproductive justice goes beyond the right to abortion and includes the right to live free from violence, coercion, and exploitation. For ethnic minority girls who become pregnant as a result of relationships with older men, this means not only ensuring access to safe and legal abortion services but also strengthening laws to protect these girls from sexual exploitation and abuse.

To achieve reproductive justice, stronger policies are needed to protect young girls from older men who prey on their vulnerability. This includes implementing and enforcing stricter age-of-consent laws, imposing harsher penalties for sexual exploitation, and providing more resources for minors to report abuse and seek help without fear of judgment or retribution. Furthermore, policymakers must ensure that all young women, especially those in marginalized communities, have access to comprehensive sex education, reproductive healthcare, and abortion services (Silliman, Fried, Ross, & Gurr, 2004).

Conclusion

The issue of teenage pregnancy, especially when involving older men, reflects entrenched gender and racial inequalities that limit the autonomy and future opportunities of young girls. The overturn of Roe v. Wade and increasing restrictions on abortion access only exacerbate these challenges, especially for ethnic minority girls who already face significant barriers to healthcare. Additionally, weak policies addressing older men who impregnate preteen girls and the normalization of the sexualization of young girls in American culture contribute to a cycle of exploitation that needs urgent reform.

To move toward true reproductive justice, policies must be reformed to provide stronger protections for young girls, particularly those in marginalized communities. This includes strengthening laws against sexual exploitation, educating young men about the consequences of exploiting minors, ensuring access to reproductive healthcare, and providing comprehensive education and support services for young women. Through these efforts, we can ensure that young girls—regardless of their ethnicity or socioeconomic status—have the opportunity to make informed, autonomous decisions about their bodies and futures.

References

American Psychological Association. (2007). Report of the APA task force on the sexualization of girls. American Psychological Association.

Boden, J. M., Fergusson, D. M., & Horwood, L. J. (2010). Early motherhood and subsequent life outcomes. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 51(2), 167-175. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2009.02191.x

Guttmacher Institute. (2022). Abortion policy in the United States. https://www.guttmacher.org/state-policy

Haines, D., & Joffe, C. (2013). The case for early interventions in preventing sexual violence. American Journal of Public Health, 103(9), 1641-1647. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2013.301299

Lammers, J., Stoker, J. I., Jordan, J., Pollmann, M., & Fischer, A. H. (2011). Power increases infidelity among men and women. Psychological Science, 22(9), 1191-1197. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797611416253

Manlove, J., Papillo, A. R., & Ikramullah, E. (2004). The impact of male involvement on adolescent pregnancies and births: A review of the literature. Child Trends. https://www.childtrends.org/publications/the-impact-of-male-involvement-on-adolescent-pregnancies-and-births-a-review-of-the-literature

Silliman, J., Fried, A., Ross, L., & Gurr, L. (2004). Undivided rights: Women of color organize for reproductive justice. South End Press.

The Federalist Society: Expanding Influence Beyond the Courts

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On November 28, 2024

In Federalist Society

The Federalist Society has long been a powerful player in shaping the U.S. judiciary, particularly with its substantial impact on the Supreme Court. With six of the nine justices currently linked to the Society, its influence is undeniable. However, its ambitions reach far beyond the courts. The group is now actively working to extend its conservative vision into other influential sectors, including business, media, and technology. This broadening of influence is part of a larger conservative agenda to reshape American society through a multi-pronged strategy.

The Federalist Society’s Influence in Business and Wall Street

The Federalist Society’s efforts to influence corporate America are significant. The organization has built ties with major businesses and financial sectors, advocating for a deregulatory approach that benefits corporate interests. This alignment with Wall Street promotes a conservative free-market ideology that favors limited government intervention in business practices, environmental regulations, and corporate governance. From a liberal standpoint, this is troubling because it threatens to undermine progressive policies focused on regulating industries, addressing climate change, and protecting consumers. As the influence of the Federalist Society grows, it becomes clear that conservative ideals about capitalism are increasingly dictating the direction of American business practices (Feldman, 2024; Hawley, 2024).

In Silicon Valley, the Federalist Society’s concerns about tech regulation, including issues like censorship, privacy, and antitrust laws, highlight its opposition to progressive regulatory frameworks. As technology companies continue to face scrutiny over their role in political discourse, the Federalist Society’s push for a lighter touch from regulators clashes with calls for stricter oversight. This divide is emblematic of the ongoing debate over the role of government in regulating powerful tech firms, with the Society advocating for fewer restrictions that align with its conservative values (Feldman, 2024).

Hollywood and the Cultural Battle

The Federalist Society’s influence extends into the cultural realm as well, particularly in Hollywood. Conservative leaders within the Society are pushing to counter what they see as a liberal bias in the entertainment industry. They aim to ensure that films, TV shows, and other media reflect conservative values, contributing to the ongoing cultural battle over issues such as gender, race, and the role of government. This effort is part of a broader movement to reshape public discourse and challenge what conservatives perceive as an ideological monopoly in cultural production (Feldman, 2024).

Leonard Leo: The Architect Behind the Movement

At the heart of the Federalist Society’s judicial and cultural influence is Leonard Leo. As one of the Society’s leading figures, Leo has been instrumental in shaping the judicial appointments that have cemented the conservative majority on the Supreme Court. Beyond the courts, Leo has deep ties to conservative donors and business figures, including the Koch brothers, further amplifying his influence across various sectors. His connections to corporate and political elites highlight the interconnectedness of the Federalist Society’s ambitions in reshaping not just the judiciary, but also business, media, and policy at large (Hawley, 2024; NPR, 2024).

Leo’s efforts to reshape American society go beyond simply nominating judges; they reflect a broader strategy to create a network of like-minded individuals and organizations that can influence policy in ways that favor conservative economic and social values. His role in promoting these connections underscores the Federalist Society’s growing power and its ambition to reshape all aspects of American governance and culture (Hawley, 2024).

A Liberal Critique: Undermining Democracy and Progress

From a liberal perspective, the Federalist Society’s expansion into business, media, and other influential sectors is deeply concerning. The group’s push for deregulation and limited government intervention in both the economy and tech industry poses a direct challenge to progressive efforts to protect workers, consumers, and the environment. By aligning itself with powerful corporate interests, the Federalist Society is seen as prioritizing elite, conservative agendas over the needs of the broader public.

The organization’s focus on judicial activism is also problematic. While the Federalist Society claims to be promoting neutral legal philosophy, its alignment with conservative political movements and business elites reveals its true goal: to advance a right-wing agenda that undermines democratic processes and curtails civil rights. The increasing power of the Supreme Court, as shaped by the Federalist Society, raises alarms about the erosion of democracy and the rule of law in favor of a conservative agenda that ignores the will of the people (NPR, 2024; Hawley, 2024).

Conclusion

The Federalist Society’s growing influence beyond the judiciary is a significant shift in the conservative movement’s strategy to reshape American society. Through its efforts to infiltrate business, media, and tech industries, the Society is pushing a right-wing agenda that threatens to undermine progressive policies and democratic values. With figures like Leonard Leo at the helm, the Federalist Society is well-positioned to continue its efforts to shape not only the law but also the cultural and economic fabric of the nation. For liberals, this marks a troubling expansion of conservative power that requires a strong, coordinated response to ensure that democratic values and public welfare are not sidelined in favor of corporate and ideological interests.

References

Feldman, N. (2024). How the Federalist Society came to dominate the Supreme Court. Harvard Gazette. https://content.news.harvard.edu

Hawley, T. (2024). The Federalist Society Isn’t Quite Sure About Democracy Anymore. POLITICO. https://www.politico.com

NPR. (2024). The Federalist Society’s influence on the conservative Supreme Court. NPR. https://www.npr.org/2024/11/24/nx-s1-5199049/federalist-society-conservative-supreme-court

The History of the Word “Woke” and Its Evolution in Modern Discourse

By

On November 27, 2024

In BIPOC rights

The term “woke” has undergone significant transformation over time, evolving from a phrase in African American Vernacular English (AAVE) to a charged political label. While its origins in Black activism symbolized awareness of racial and social injustice, the term has been redefined and weaponized in contemporary discourse. From its early roots to its current political implications, the history of “woke” reveals much about the changing landscape of social justice movements and the polarized debates surrounding them.

Origins: The Emergence of “Woke” in Black Activism

“Woke” originally emerged within African American Vernacular English (AAVE), where it referred to being awake or aware, particularly regarding social and racial issues. The term dates back to the 1940s, with early uses such as in the 1942 New York Times article that advised readers to “stay woke” in reference to racial inequalities (NPR, 2024). The phrase’s true significance, however, began to take root during the Civil Rights Movement of the 1960s when Black activists embraced the term as part of their struggle for racial justice.

To be “woke” was to be conscious of the societal forces that perpetuated racial oppression, and it was a call to action for those who sought to dismantle these systems. It wasn’t merely about awareness but also about staying vigilant in the fight against injustice, whether it was through activism, community engagement, or policy reform.

The Expansion of “Woke” in the 21st Century

The term gained broader recognition in the early 2000s, especially with the rise of social media and its role in organizing movements like Black Lives Matter (BLM). As movements addressing racial inequality, police violence, and systemic oppression grew in prominence, “woke” became synonymous with activism and social consciousness in progressive circles.

“Woke” signified a heightened awareness of not just racial inequality but also other social justice issues such as gender inequality, LGBTQ+ rights, and economic injustice. In this context, the term emphasized a holistic understanding of oppression, recognizing that issues like class, race, and gender were interconnected and demanded intersectional approaches (NPR, 2023). Progressives began using “woke” to encourage others to be conscious of these societal issues and to fight for equality and justice.

Political Weaponization of “Woke”

As “woke” entered the political mainstream, it began to take on a more contentious meaning. Conservative figures began using the term pejoratively to criticize what they viewed as overreach by progressive movements. This shift was particularly evident in the rhetoric of politicians like Florida Governor Ron DeSantis, who criticized the rise of “woke” ideologies in his campaign against “woke culture” (NPR, 2023). DeSantis, in particular, has positioned himself as a champion against what he frames as the excesses of “wokeism,” often linking it to a supposed threat to traditional values, free speech, and American institutions (Mother Jones, 2023).

The term “woke” was increasingly used by the right to describe policies and initiatives promoting diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) in public institutions, particularly in government and the military (NPR, 2024). In this context, conservatives, including figures like Pete Hegseth, argued that such initiatives were an unnecessary imposition on American values, framing “woke” as an unwelcome force in sectors like the Department of Defense (NPR, 2024).

Conservative critiques of “woke” culture have often focused on identity politics, claiming that it fosters division and undermines meritocracy. They argue that “woke” politics prioritizes group identities over individual achievement and promotes a divisive narrative that stifles free expression. For many on the right, “woke” culture represents an attack on traditional institutions and the cultural norms that underpin American society (Mother Jones, 2023).

The Persistence of “Woke” in Progressive Movements

Despite the right-wing backlash, the term “woke” remains a central component of progressive activism. To be woke today is still to be aware of and engaged with the systems of oppression that continue to shape society. It signifies an awareness of the structural inequalities that affect marginalized communities, including those based on race, gender, sexual orientation, and economic status.

For progressives, the label “woke” remains an important symbol of resistance and a commitment to fighting for a more inclusive and just society. It reflects the idea that addressing inequality requires constant vigilance and a willingness to confront injustice wherever it exists. Far from being a negative force, being woke is about staying informed, compassionate, and active in the struggle for social justice.

The use of “woke” by progressives today extends beyond its original association with race. It now encompasses broader struggles for equity and justice, from climate action to LGBTQ+ rights, labor rights, and the fight against voter suppression. “Woke” culture is, in essence, a reminder that the work for justice is far from finished, and that all individuals must remain alert to the ways in which systems of power shape society.

Conclusion: “Woke” as a Reflection of Societal Struggles

The evolution of the term “woke” from a call for racial justice to a politicized label reflects broader societal struggles over the direction of social and cultural change. Initially a term used by Black activists to signify awareness of racial oppression, “woke” has grown into a symbol of resistance to systemic injustice in all its forms. While it has been politicized and weaponized by conservative forces, for progressives, it remains a term that signifies a commitment to confronting inequality and working toward a more just world.

As debates over “woke” culture continue to intensify, it is clear that the term will remain a flashpoint in the ongoing culture wars. For those committed to social justice, “woke” is more than just a label—it is a call to remain engaged in the fight for a world that is equitable, inclusive, and free from discrimination.

References

Mother Jones. (2023, August 1). Negrophilia, “woke,” and the right’s obsession with Black culture. https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2023/08/negrophilia-woke-right-conservative-desantis/

NPR. (2023, July 21). How “woke” became a political tool for both Trump and DeSantis. https://www.npr.org/2023/07/21/1189016049/woke-desantis-trump-black-culture

NPR. (2024, November 14). Pete Hegseth on the Defense Department’s DEI initiatives. https://www.npr.org/2024/11/14/nx-s1-5191941/pete-hegseth-defense-department-dei

DEI Rollbacks: Impact on Transgender Inclusion and Historical Parallels

By

On November 26, 2024

In LGBTQ+ rights

The rollback of diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) policies by corporations like Walmart signals a significant step backward for marginalized communities, particularly transgender individuals. These actions undermine the progress made toward fostering inclusive environments, which have historically supported underrepresented groups in navigating systemic inequities. For transgender individuals, such as myself, the impact of these rollbacks extends beyond the workplace, contributing to broader societal challenges that echo exclusionary policies of the past.

According to NPR, Walmart recently announced it would scale back DEI initiatives, including ending racial equity training and reducing its support for LGBTQ+ resources and events (Douglas-Gabriel & McGregor, 2024). This rollback reflects a troubling trend among businesses that had previously positioned themselves as leaders in fostering inclusivity. For transgender individuals, the implications are profound: diminished support in workplace environments can exacerbate existing discrimination and limit opportunities for equitable participation in professional settings.

The historical context of the Chinese Exclusion Act offers a striking parallel. Despite their critical contributions to the transcontinental railroad, Chinese immigrants faced systemic discrimination, culminating in policies that institutionalized their exclusion (Georgia Public Broadcasting, 2024). Today’s rollbacks of DEI policies similarly threaten to sideline marginalized groups, reinforcing societal biases and undoing progress toward equity.

Further compounding these challenges are political shifts that threaten access to essential resources for transgender individuals. For example, recent discussions about limiting gender-affirming care and enforcing restrictive healthcare policies, such as those tied to the Hyde Amendment, could have devastating consequences for the estimated 1.6 million transgender individuals in the United States (Huang, 2024; Smith, 2024). These measures would disproportionately harm those who already face systemic barriers, making DEI rollbacks even more damaging.

Businesses play a vital role in shaping inclusive societal norms, and their retreat from DEI commitments sends a dangerous message. Upholding diversity, equity, and inclusion is not merely a matter of corporate responsibility; it is essential for ensuring the dignity, safety, and opportunity of all individuals, especially those who have historically faced exclusion.

References

Douglas-Gabriel, D., & McGregor, J. (2024, November 26). Walmart scales back DEI initiatives amid political pressure. NPR. Retrieved from https://www.npr.org

Georgia Public Broadcasting. (2024). America’s first major immigration crackdown and the making and breaking of the West. Retrieved from https://www.gpb.org

Huang, L. (2024, November 22). How transgender Americans could lose gender-affirming care. NPR. Retrieved from https://www.npr.org

Smith, J. (2024, November 15). What Trump’s reelection could mean for transgender health care access. NPR. Retrieved from https://www.npr.org

Escapade: Marvel’s Trans Hero

By

On November 16, 2024

In Marvel Comics

Escapade, the groundbreaking transgender superhero from Marvel Comics, continues to capture the imagination of fans, thanks to her compelling powers and the depth of her story. As part of the Avengers Academy and a former member of the Lost Club, Escapade has become one of Marvel’s most unique and dynamic heroes. Her journey has taken her through intense challenges and moments of personal growth, especially in the Avengers Academy: Marvel’s Voices Infinity Comic series, where her powers were tested to their limits.

Escapade’s Origin and Powers

Escapade, whose real name is Shela Sexton, debuted in Marvel’s Voices: Pride #1 (2022). She possesses a mutant ability that allows her to temporarily swap physical locations, powers, and even situations with others. This power makes her one of the most inventive and versatile members of the mutant community. However, her abilities come with limitations—she can only switch with individuals within a seven-foot radius. These constraints create a tense and exciting dynamic, especially in moments where every second counts.

In Avengers Academy: Marvel’s Voices Infinity Comic #17, Escapade’s powers were put to an unprecedented test when the villain Emplate absorbed her power. This enabled Emplate to temporarily use her ability, with disastrous consequences. With the power to switch places and abilities, Emplate began wreaking havoc, including allowing him to enter the real world from his dimensional prison in Avengers Academy: Marvel’s Voices Infinity Comic #18.

Saving the Day

Escapade’s story in the Avengers Academy: Marvel’s Voices Infinity Comic series took a dramatic turn as she reclaimed control over her abilities. In Avengers Academy: Marvel’s Voices Infinity Comic #19, Shela demonstrated the true extent of her power when she used her ability to switch places to save the rest of the Avengers Academy team from Emplate’s chaos. In a tense moment, she was able to swap places with the other heroes, avoiding danger and ensuring their safety in the process.

Her power to switch places was still limited by her proximity—only being able to swap with those within seven feet—but it was her emotional connection to her teammates that made the difference. In a pivotal moment, Reed Richards (also known as Mr. Fantastic) hypothesized that Escapade’s power wasn’t just restricted by physical distance, but that she could also swap places with individuals to whom she had a strong emotional bond. This insight into her abilities added a deeper layer to her character and suggested that her powers were as much about connection and empathy as they were about physical proximity.

Escapade’s Role in Avengers Academy and Beyond

Escapade’s journey from the Lost Club to the Avengers Academy represents significant growth. Training alongside some of Marvel’s most iconic heroes, she continues to refine her skills and learn more about herself. Her powers, once seen as an unusual and somewhat chaotic ability, are now understood to have immense strategic potential. By tapping into her emotional connections with others, Escapade’s powers can be leveraged in new, unexpected ways, especially as she continues to face formidable threats like Emplate.

Her time in Avengers Academy has proven to be a crucible for her development as a superhero. As she grows stronger, both in her control over her powers and in her relationships with the other heroes, Escapade proves herself to be a crucial member of the team. She’s not just a hero with a unique power set; she’s someone whose journey is intrinsically tied to the emotional bonds she shares with those around her.

A Symbol of Progress and Representation

Escapade’s character is more than just a superhero—she’s a symbol of progress and representation within Marvel Comics. As a transgender hero, she offers a new and vital perspective to the superhero genre, embodying themes of identity, connection, and self-discovery. Her struggles, triumphs, and deepening relationships with her fellow heroes reflect the real-world experiences of many LGBTQ+ individuals, especially trans people.

With her involvement in the Avengers Academy series, Escapade has firmly cemented her place as a beloved character. As her storyline continues to unfold, Marvel fans eagerly await to see how Escapade will further evolve—both as a hero and as a person—and what other challenges and victories lie ahead for this groundbreaking trans superhero.

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